Showing posts with label Education. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Education. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 15, 2011

真的是過動兒嗎?

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孩子喜歡爬沙發?坐著不到三分鐘就站起來到處跑?什麼東西都往嘴裡放?
往往這種情況發生時,學校老師就會通知家長:「您的孩子跟別人不一樣哦!」或是「這孩子專注力差」「需要與學校輔導員談談」,更甚者是「您的孩子需要看看心理醫生」........等等。
為人父母者只好滿頭霧水,不知所措的帶著孩子去看心理醫生,吃下所謂過動兒自閉兒吃的藥,而這些藥物會阻止並損傷大腦的成長發育。

不要扼殺孩子們的學習慾望
孩子是以「觸」覺來感知這個世界的,即使是已經成年的我們,是否在看到一樣特別或沒見過的物品時,也會用手摸一摸、用鼻子聞一聞呢?既然已經認識了世界數十年的我們,都會有這樣的好奇心,更何況是初來乍到這個世界的孩子們呢?

以下是在許多家庭中會發生的場景:
可愛的孩子,蹣跚學步,一步一跌的練習行走。孩子看見一把剪刀,走過去(或爬過去)拿了起來,正在得意的笑著時,母親(及教養者)突然看見,嚇了一大跳,趕緊奔過去,從孩子手上拿走剪刀,並且重複的說:「這不可以拿的、不可以拿的,危險、危險。」
孩子哭了,因為他千辛萬苦才拿到的玩具,不見了。

所有的東西對一個孩子來說都是玩具,都要摸一摸、舔一舔,吃吃看到底是什麼味道。在孩子還沒有完整的語言能力之前,除了不會表達自己的感情、覺受之外,對語言文字的理解也是有限的,必須讓大腦從瞭解單字、單詞、到複詞,需要一大段時間等腦部慢慢成長、發育。

在以上那個場景中,孩子所接受到的訊息是:「這不可以拿的」中的那個「」字。所以孩子看著母親,理解是「」「」。

結論:
1. 不要將危險物品擺在孩子能拿到的地方。要避免讓孩子看到後,想拿、想碰,卻又因為「危險」,而將那個孩子想拿、想碰觸的東西拿走,這就是挫折了孩子的意志力
2. 對孩子使用正面言語。如果不想要孩子拿的東西,要說「放下」「給媽媽」,不是說「不可以拿」。
3. 孩子會跳上跳下、坐不住。這是正常的現象。
有的孩子能乖乖坐著,有的孩子好動,是與腦部不同區域的發育早晚有關係的。有的孩子體能區發育的早,所以好動、體育活動優秀;有的孩子語言區發育的早,說話清晰、討人喜愛;有的孩子聽覺區發育的早,在音樂造詣、樂器學習上敏銳過人。
要尊重孩子的個別差異,尊重孩子的人格。
尊重孩子是對孩子最好的教養,他會學習反省自己、尊重生命。

Wednesday, February 16, 2011

Lantern Festival

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The Lantern Festival or Yuan Xiao Festival (simplified Chinese元宵节traditional Chinese元宵節pinyinYuánxiāojié) orShang Yuan Festival (simplified Chinese上元节traditional Chinese上元節pinyinShàngyuánjié) in China is a festival celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in the lunisolar year in the Chinese calendar, the last day of the lunisolar Chinese New Yearcelebration. It is not to be confused with the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is sometimes also known as the "Lantern Festival" in locations such as Singapore and Malaysia. During the Lantern Festival, children go out at night to temples carrying paper lanternsand solve riddles on the lanterns (simplified Chinese猜灯谜traditional Chinese猜燈謎pinyincāidēngmí). It officially ends theChinese New Year celebrations.
In ancient times, the lanterns were fairly simple, for only the emperor and noblemen had large ornate ones; in modern times, lanterns have been embellished with many complex designs. For example, lanterns are now often made in shapes of animals.
In some region and countries, this festival is also regarded as the Chinese version of St. Valentine's Day, a day celebrating love and affection between lovers in Chinese tradition and culture.
Young people were chaperoned in the streets in hopes of finding love. Matchmakers acted busily in hopes of pairing couples. The brightest lanterns were symbolic of good luck and hope. As time has passed, the festival no longer has such implications.
Those who do not carry lanterns often enjoy watching informal lantern parades. In addition to eating tangyuan (simplified Chinese汤圆traditional Chinese湯圓;pinyintāngyuán), another popular activity at this festival is guessing lantern riddles (which became part of the festival during the Tang Dynasty), which often contain messages of good fortune, family reunion, abundant harvest, prosperity and love.
Until the Sui Dynasty in the sixth century, Emperor Yangdi invited envoys from other countries to China to see the colorful lighted lanterns and enjoy the gala performances.
By the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days. The emperor also lifted the curfew, allowing the people to enjoy the festive lanterns day and night. It is not difficult to find Chinese poems which describe this happy scene.
In the Song Dynasty, the festival was celebrated for five days and the activities began to spread to many of the big cities in China. Colorful glass and even jade were used to make lanterns, with figures from folk tales painted on the lanterns.
However, the largest Lantern Festival celebration took place in the early part of the 15th century. The festivities continued for ten days. Emperor Chengzu had the downtown area set aside as a center for displaying the lanterns. Even today, there is a place in Beijing called Dengshikou. In Chinesedeng means lantern and shi is market. The area became a market where lanterns were sold during the day. In the evening, the local people would go there to see the beautiful lighted lanterns on display.
Today, the displaying of lanterns is still a major event on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month throughout China. Chengdu in Southwest China's Sichuan Province, for example, holds a lantern fair each year in Culture Park. During the Lantern Festival, the park is a virtual ocean of lanterns. Many new designs attract large numbers of visitors. The most eye-catching lantern is the Dragon Pole. This is a lantern in the shape of a golden dragon, spiraling up a 27-meter-high pole, spewing fireworks from its mouth. Cities such as Hangzhou and Shanghai have adopted electric and neon lanterns, which can often be seen beside their traditional paper or wooden counterparts.

元宵節

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元宵節,亦稱為上元節、小正月、元夕、小年或燈節,時間是每年的農曆正月十五
元宵節是新年的第一個月圓之夜,象徵著春天的到來,人們吃元宵、賞燈、猜燈謎,以示祝賀。這是春節之後的第一個重要節日明朝錢塘瞿佑《雙頭牡丹燈記》:「每歲元夕,於明州張燈五夜。傾城士女,皆得縱觀」。在這一天,人們要吃元宵,鬧燈會,猜燈謎,提燈籠,許多地方還有放天燈的習俗。是華人社會的盛大節日之一。

臺灣,除了賞花燈活動及著名的臺灣燈會臺北燈節高雄燈會藝術節之外,還有北臺灣新北市平溪區天燈活動。另外,在中臺灣苗栗縣則有著名的「苗栗火旁龍」,苗栗火旁龍是指以鞭炮蜂炮舞龍方式得到「去邪(去舊)迎新年」的作用。在南臺灣臺南市鹽水區則有著名的「鹽水蜂炮」。在臺灣東部的臺東縣,則有以鞭炮財神的祈福活動:「臺東元宵炸寒單爺」。
在臺灣早期,有未婚女性在元宵節夜裡,以偷來討個結婚吉兆的說法。俗語說:「偷挽蔥,嫁好翁;偷挽菜,嫁好婿」(臺灣話發音)。

著名詩詞:
朱淑真(一說作者為歐陽修)《生查子》
去年元夜時,花市燈如晝。月上柳梢頭,人約黃昏後。
今年元夜時,月與燈依舊。不見去年人,淚濕春衫袖。
辛棄疾青玉案之元夕》
東風夜放花千樹,更吹落、星如雨。
寶馬雕車香滿路,鳳簫聲動,玉壺光轉,一夜魚龍舞。
蛾兒雪柳黃金縷,笑語盈盈暗香去。
眾裡尋他千百度,驀然回首,那人卻在、燈火闌珊處。


Thursday, February 3, 2011

Chinese New Year

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No matter where your ancestors come from, every Chinese view the Chinese New Year as the most important festival within the whole year.  This joyous moment is the best time to gather with friends and family.
The origin of Chinese New Year dates back to several thousand years ago.  The most famous legend is the beast called Nian.  Nian is a fierce, predatory beast that people believe eats humans on New Year’s Eve.  According to legend, Nian beast fears red, light and noise; therefore people would hang red banners at the door, explode fire crackers and light up flames to avoid Nian beast.  The next morning, people would say congratulations with an air of victory defeating the Nian beast and experience the joy of rebirth.
For people who do not live at home, they will come back home before New Year’s Eve in order to eat the sumptuous New Year supper.  At this point, family members will give red envelopes to elders and children; they will stay up late or all night to welcome the New Year.  Legend has it that staying up late will promote longevity for the parents.  Also, keeping the light on all night will also scare the Nian beast.  Some families have religious ceremonies after midnight as well, ending with firecrackers to welcome the New Year.
The first thing in new years is the offering to ancestors and worshipping the various deities.  Another important activity for that day is to wear new clothes and visit relatives and friends and wishing them wealth and fortune.  It is also a good opportunity to settle any kind of problems and if there are any hard feelings it should be put aside for the moment.  Another specialty during the New Year is the lion dance and the dragon dance.  The dragon symbolizes propitiousness and it is believed that dragons control rainfall.  Therefore, performing the dragon dance will give blessing to the new crop in the upcoming year.  According to legend, the head of the dragon and lion can also ward off evils.
A few days before the New Year, people who are working or studying out of town will start planning the date for their return.  People will start to come home earlier in order to avoid traffic since trains, buses and airplanes will always be full.  No matter how society changes, the idea to reunite with family members still play a very important role during the New Year.  Therefore no matter how fatigue the journey might be, when you gather around for the most important New Year dinner, all the inconveniences and efforts are worthwhile.

Wednesday, February 2, 2011

中國新年

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無論祖先來自何方,每個華人都把農曆新年視為一年中最重要的節日。這個喜氣洋洋的歡樂時刻,更是與家人、朋友團聚的好時光。
農曆新年的來源,有根據、豐富且多采多姿的傳說可追溯到幾千年前。其中最有名的就是「年獸」的傳說。「年獸」是一個殘忍兇猛的野獸,古代人相信「年獸」在除夕夜時會出來吃人。傳說「年獸」極懼怕紅色、火光及吵雜的聲音,人們就在門上貼著紅紙條,並整夜點著火炬、燃放炮燭,來避開「年獸」。到了第二天一大早,「恭喜」之聲不絕於耳,空氣中瀰漫著打敗「年獸」勝利與重生的喜悅。
長年居住在外的遊子,會在除夕夜之前趕回家,以便與家人共進豐盛的年夜飯。這個時候,家人會把裝滿錢的紅包送給家中的老人與小孩;也會全家人一起守歲來迎接新的一年相傳守歲可以為父母增壽,因此除夕夜通常都是徹夜不眠、燈火輝煌。而且,在古老的傳說裏,整夜點燈尚有嚇走年獸的用意。此外,有些家庭還會在午夜之後舉行宗教上的特別儀式,最後則通常會放一長串的鞭炮來歡迎新年。

大年初一的第一件事是祭祀祖先、敬拜諸神,之後家中的年輕人必須跟長輩「拜年」。當天另一個重要活動,是穿上新衣走訪親朋好友,並祝賀「恭喜發財」;此時,也是一個和解的好時機,所有的新仇舊恨都必須在年節時分暫擱一邊。而新年假期中另一個特殊景象就是舞龍舞獅,我國自古就視「龍」為吉祥的象徵,並深信龍掌管降雨,因此舞龍可以保祐來年風調雨順、五穀豐登;此外,亦傳說龍跟獅子的頭可以驅逐邪魔。

除夕的前幾天,遠赴他鄉工作及求學的遊子開始計畫著歸鄉的日期。為避免在返鄉途中遇到塞車,人們通常會提前啟程。運送返鄉旅客的火車、巴士及飛機總是班班爆滿。無論社會如何變遷,這個與家人團聚的觀念,仍然在新年慶典活動中占著最重要的地位。 因此,無論旅程如何的勞累,一旦與家人團聚在桌前享用一年一度最重要的年夜飯時,所有的不便與辛勞都是值得的。

Saturday, January 29, 2011

心中的小星星

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我們給予孩子的是什麼?
看看這個「索羅門群島」的故事。
如果我們對著樹辱罵,大聲的辱罵,不用幾天,樹就枯萎了。
一個擁抱,無時無刻給他們一個充滿愛的吻,讓他們知道父母親在關心,「兒子,我愛你」,讓他們知道他是被需要的,這就是關心!

當孩子拒絕學習時,我們對他冠上各種名詞,過動兒、自閉症、學習困難等等,帶他們去找各種各樣專家,想要找出問題所在,卻不知父母親才是最瞭解、最清楚自己孩子的人。
多給孩子一些關懷,多給孩子一些愛,這些是說起來簡單、做起來不容易的事情。要如何在愛與關懷之中讓孩子學習如何做人,如何成為社會上有用的人,是為人父母者的重要課題。

請觀賞:
索羅門群島的故事
對待孩子的方式

Friday, January 28, 2011

Dream With Your Child, Live With Your Child

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An Education system that stimulates thought
Definition should be something understandable
The talent of a child does not depend on memorization of vocabulary or the understanding of a specialized field; the so-called talent is whether the child can apply what he/she learns into everyday life and not become a text book.
Do not smother the talent of a child.  When the child asks “why” or asks unusual and random questions, answer him/her earnestly.  Take the questions seriously and find the answer with him/her, dream with him/her; one day the dream will come true.   When the Wright brothers wanted to fly into the sky, did anyone seriously think that they could invent the airplane so people could fly up into the sky?
Live with the child.  Let the child understand how to live with books, computers, and people outside of the virtual world; let the child understand how to interact with people, the sense of propriety and the basic principle of how to be a proper human being.  The child can then become an all-around person with meaningful future success.



Thursday, January 27, 2011

陪孩子做夢、陪孩子生活

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值得深省的教育制度
定義應該是要讓人懂的
一個孩子的天份並不在對專有名詞的背誦,以及對專業的唯一認知;所謂的天份是在於孩子是否能經過學習,將所學運用於生活之中,而不是成為一本死硬的教科書。

不要扼殺孩子的天份,在孩子問「為什麼」或有任何天馬行空的問題時,要認真的回答他,要將孩子的問題當一回事,陪他一起尋找答案,陪他一起「做夢」,有一天夢想會成真的。在萊特兄弟想要飛上天時,有誰真的認為他們兩兄弟可以發明飛機,讓人飛上天空呢?
陪孩子一起生活,讓孩子懂得與書本、電腦、虛擬世界以外的「人」共同生活;讓孩子懂得應對進退、禮義廉恥的基本做人須知,如此一來,孩子才是內外兼備的「全才」,未來的成功才有意義。

以下這二部片子是 Three Idiots 三傻大鬧寶來塢的片段,發人深省,值得一看!

機器與書的定義
值得深省的教育制度